Principle of Thermal Aerosol Fire Suppression
Publication Time:
2025-08-03
The principle of thermal aerosol fire suppression primarily operates through a triple mechanism—heat absorption and cooling, chemical inhibition, and oxygen concentration reduction—among which chemical inhibition plays the dominant role.
The principle of thermal aerosol fire suppression primarily operates through a triple mechanism—heat absorption and cooling, chemical inhibition, and oxygen concentration reduction—among which chemical inhibition plays the dominant role.
Heat-absorbing cooling effect
Thermal aerosol fire suppressants undergo redox reactions at high temperatures, and through physical phase transitions such as melting and vaporization of the solid extinguishing agent, they absorb a significant amount of heat from the combustion zone. Experimental data show that this endothermic effect can rapidly reduce flame temperatures below the ignition point within 3 to 5 seconds, effectively weakening the sustained intensity of the combustion reaction.
Chemical Inhibition Effect
Free-radical adsorption: The released ultrafine solid particles, measuring 1–10 micrometers in size, possess an exceptionally high specific surface area (approximately 10⁸ particles per cubic meter), enabling them to rapidly capture active free radicals such as H· and OH· in the combustion chain reaction.
Ion Trapping: Metal compounds such as potassium salts and strontium salts dissociate into cations like K⁺ and Sr²⁺ at high temperatures, which then combine with charged free radicals to form stable molecules. This process enhances fire-extinguishing efficiency by more than 40% compared to traditional dry powders.
Oxygen concentration dilution
The released inert gases, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, can dilute oxygen concentrations—but this effect is relatively weak and serves only as a supplementary fire-extinguishing method.
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